Tanshinone ⅡA activates PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to inhibit the apoptosis of mice cochlear pericytes induced by high glucose / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate whether tanshinone ⅡA can protect the apoptosis of mice cochlear pericytes induced by high glucose and its specific protective mechanism, so as to provide experimental evidence for the prevention and treatment of diabetic hearing loss. Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were used to prepare type 2 diabetes model, which were divided into normal (NG) group, diabetic (DM) group, diabetic+tanshinone ⅡA (HG+tanshinone ⅡA) group and tanshinone ⅡA group. Each group had 10 animals. Primary cochlear pericytes were divided into NG group, HG group (high glucose 35 mmol/L), HG+tanshinone ⅡA (1, 3, 5 μmol/L) group, HG+Tanshinone ⅡA+LY294002 (PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor) group, LY294002 group, tanshinone ⅡA group and DMSO group. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was used to measure hearing threshold. Evans blue was used to detect the permeability of blood labyrinth barrier in each group. TBA methods were used to detect oxidative stress levels in various organs of mice. Morphological changes of stria vascularis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE). Evans blue was used to detect the vascular labyrinth barrier permeability in cochlea. The expression of apoptosis protein in stria vascularis pericytes was observed by immunofluorescence. Pericytes apoptosis rate was observed by flow cytometry. DCFH-DA was combined with flow cytometry to detect intracellular ROS content, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptotic proteins (Cleaved-caspase3, Bax), anti-apoptotic proteins (BCL-2) and pathway proteins (PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Independent sample t test was performed, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Animal experiments: Tanshinone ⅡA decreased the hearing threshold of DM group [(35.0±3.5) dB SPL vs. (55.3±8.1) dB SPL] (t=4.899, P<0.01), decreased the oxidative stress level in cochlea (t=4.384, P<0.05), improved the structure disorder, atrophy of cochlea vascular lines, vacuole increased phenomenon. Tanshinone ⅡA alleviated the increased permeability of the blood labyrinth barrier [Evans blue leakage (6.84±0.27) AU vs. (8.59±0.85) AU] in the cochlea of DM mice (t=2.770, P<0.05), reversed the apoptotic protein: Caspase3 (t=4.956, P<0.01) and Bax (t=4.388, P<0.05) in cochlear vascularis. Cell experiments: Tanshinone ⅡA decreased intracellular ROS content in a concentration-dependent way (t=3.569, P<0.05; t=4.772, P<0.01; t=7.494, P<0.01); Tanshinone ⅡA decreased apoptosis rate and apoptotic protein, and increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT in concentration-dependent manner (all P values<0.05); LY294002 reversed the protective effect of tanshinone ⅡA on pericytes apoptosis (all P values<0.05). Conclusion: Tanshinone ⅡA can inhibit the apoptosis of cochlear pericytes induced by high glucose by reducing oxidative stress level and activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway under high glucose environment, thus playing a protective role in diabetic hearing loss.

Drug resistance and molecular typing of diarrheagenic escherichia coli from the diarrhea clinics in Qingpu District, Shanghai / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the drug resistance and multilocus sequence typing of five types of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolated from diarrhea outpatients of diarrhea comprehensive monitoring designated hospital in Qingpu District, Shanghai from 2015 to 2019. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, five types of DEC, isolated and identified from diarrhea outpatient cases' anal swabs of the Qingpu branch of Zhongshan Hospital were collected to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration by using the micro broth dilution susceptibility test. The strains, resistant to the third-generation cephalosporins or carbapenems, or producing ESBLs, were selected based on the results of sensitivity tests and determined by WGS. The MLST typing of DEC was analyzed based on the WGS technology and the minimum spanning tree was constructed by BioNumerics 7.6 software to analyze the local dominant flora. Results: A total of 513 strains of DEC were detected and isolated from 4 494 anal swabs, with a detection rate of 11.42%. About 500 strains were tested for drug sensitivity to nine antibiotics in four classes, including 330 strains of enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), 72 strains of enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC), 95 strains of enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC), 1 strain of enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC), and 2 strains of enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC). From 2015 to 2019, the resistance rate of cefotaxime-clavulanic acid was significantly different (P<0.05). The resistance rate of virulence types of DEC to nalixic acid was significantly different (P<0.05). About 71 strains of DEC were determined by WGS, and 77 drug-resistant genes were detected. Strains were classified into 32 ST subtypes, with the dominant genotypes being ST-1491 (29.6%, 21/71) and ST-10 Complex (23.9%, 17/71). All ST-1491 produced ESBLs, which were blaCTX-M gene mutant strains. The dominant type of ST-10 complex was ST-218 (35.3%, 6/17). In addition, 8 strains of EAEC, 14 strains of EPEC and 49 strains of ETEC were classified into 7, 14 and 18 ST subtypes, respectively. Conclusion: The drug resistance of DEC strains from the diarrhea outpatient case of Qingpu District is serious. The ST types of EAEC and EPEC are highly polymorphic. The dominant ST types of DEC are basically consistent with the common genotypes in southeast China.

Independent prognostic value of the congestion and renal index in patients with acute heart failure / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#Clinical outcomes are poor if patients with acute heart failure (AHF) are discharged with residual congestion in the presence of renal dysfunction. However, there is no single indication to reflect the combined effects of the two related pathophysiological processes. We, therefore, proposed an indicator, congestion and renal index (CRI), and examined the associations between the CRI and one-year outcomes and the incremental prognostic value of CRI compared with the established scoring systems in a multicenter prospective cohort of AHF.@*METHODS@#We enrolled AHF patients and calculated the ratio of thoracic fluid content index divided by estimated glomerular filtration rate before discharge, as CRI. Then we examined the associations between CRI and one-year outcomes.@*RESULTS@#A total of 944 patients were included in the analysis (mean age 63.3 ± 13.8 years, 39.3% women). Compared with patients with CRI ≤ 0.59 mL/min per kΩ, those with CRI > 0.59 mL/min per kΩ had higher risks of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization (HR = 1.56 [1.13-2.15]) and all-cause death or all-cause hospitalization (HR = 1.33 [1.01-1.74]). CRI had an incremental prognostic value compared with the established scoring system.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In patients with AHF, CRI is independently associated with the risk of death or hospitalization within one year, and improves the risk stratification of the established risk models.

Tiaoqi Jieyu acupuncture for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of Tiaoqi Jieyu (regulating qi and relieving depression) acupuncture on the clinical symptoms of treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and to explore the relationship between the acupuncture pain sensitivity and symptom's improvement.@*METHODS@#A total of 78 patients with TRD were randomly divided into an observation group (39 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (39 cases, 4 cases dropped off). The patients in the control group were treated with medications according to the treatment plan of psychiatrists (at least one medication was 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor). On the basis of the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with Tiaoqi Jieyu acupuncture, and Baihui (GV 20), Yintang (GV 24+), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Taichong (LR 3), Hegu (LI 4), Neiguan (PC 6), Yinlingquan (SP 9) and Zusanli (ST 36), etc. were selected. The acupuncture was given three times a week. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. After 8-week treatment, the response rate of Hamilton depression scale-24 (HAMD-24) score after was evaluated in the two groups. The scores of HAMD-24 and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) were compared between the two groups before treatment, after 4, 8-week treatment and 12 weeks after treatment (follow-up). After the first treatment and 8-week treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score in the observation group was evaluated, and the correlation between VAS score after the first treatment and HAMD-24 score before treatment, between VAS score after the first treatment and the course of disease in the observation group was analyzed, and the correlation between difference of VAS after 8-week treatment and after the first treatment and difference of HAMD-24 score before treatment and after 8-week treatment was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#After 8-week treatment, the response rate of HAMD-24 score in the observation group was 52.8% (19/36), higher than 17.1% (6/35) in the control group (P<0.001). Compared before treatment, the scores of HAMD-24 and HAMA in the two groups were decreased after 4-week treatment, 8-week treatment and in follow-up (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were superior to the control group (P<0.05). After 8-week treatment, the acupuncture pain VAS score in the observation group was (5.28±2.13) points, which was higher than (3.33±1.62) points after the first treatment (P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between VAS score after the first treatment and HAMD-24 score before treatment in the observation group (r =-0.486, P=0.003); there was no correlation between acupuncture pain VAS score after the first treatment and the course of disease in the observation group (P>0.05). After 8-week treatment, there was a positive correlation between the difference of VAS score and the difference of HAMD-24 score in the observation group (r =0.514, P=0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Tiaoqi Jieyu acupuncture could improve the depression and anxiety in patients with TRD, and the symptom's improvement is related to the recovery of acupuncture pain sensitivity.

Total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L. inhibit oxidative stress against H9c2 cell ischemia-reperfusion injury via VEGF-B/AMPK pathway / 药学学报

Total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L. (TFDM) is an effective component extracted and isolated from the traditional Uighur medicinal herb Cymbidium fragrans. Cymbidium fragrans has the effects of tonifying the heart and brain, promoting blood circulation and resolving blood stasis, and has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for a long time. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of total flavonoids from Cymbidium fragrans on hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 (rat cardiomyocytes) cells and its mechanism. A model (H/R) of hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury in H9c2 cells was established using hypoxia and glucose deprivation for 9 h combined with re-oxygenation and rehydration for 2 h to simulate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The effects of total flavonoids from Cymbidium fragrans on cell viability, markers of myocardial cell damage, oxidative stress levels, and reactive oxygen radical (ROS) content were investigated, Western blot was used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway related proteins. The results showed that the total flavonoids of Cymbidium fragrans significantly increased the viability of myocardial cells after H/R injury, and decreased the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isozyme (CK-MB) in the cell supernatant. It significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and decreased intracellular ROS and nitric oxide (NO) content. Western blot analysis showed that the total flavonoids of Cymbidium fragrans decreased Bax levels in H9c2 cells damaged by H/R and increased Bcl-2 expression. Total flavones of Cymbidium fragrans upregulate VEGF-B/AMPK pathway related proteins VEGF-B, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein (p-AMPK) and phospho mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-MTOR) levels. The above research results indicate that the total flavonoids of Cymbidium can significantly reduce the H/R injury of myocardial cells, which may be related to the upregulation of VEGF-B/AMPK pathway and inhibition of oxidative stress response.

Research advances in immune response of stereotactic body radiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

The mechanisms of radiotherapy (RT) in cancer treatment are both by immunity and non-immunity pathways. According to different absorbed doses, the immune modulating effect of RT comprises of tumor microenvironment modulating effect, immune-modulatory effect as well as immune-ablative effect. RT could improve the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy, while immunotherapy could enlarge the immunity activating effect induced by RT in turn. Therefore, RT is emerging as a valuable partner of cancer immunotherapy. RT regimens have a vital impact on immunity within tumor microenvironment. Stereotactic body RT (SBRT) has obvious advantages regarding interferon production and abscopal effect. At present, potentially sub-ablative RT regimen of 8 Gy plus 3 fractionations is the most widely used SBRT. Several novel RT regimens, such as hybrid fractionation, singular site irradiation and multisite irradiation, have been designed to maximize the immune induction effect and improve the combination efficacy with immunotherapy in metastatic malignancies. In this review, the latest advances in the immune effect of RT were discussed and novel SBRT regimens were proposed, aiming to provide reference for enhancing the efficacy of radio-immunotherapy or immuno-radiotherapy in clinical practice.

Accuracy of photogrammetry and conventional impression techniques for complete-arch implant rehabilitation: an in vitro comparative study / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To compare the accuracy of photogrammetry and conventional impression techniques for complete-arch implant rehabilitation. Methods: An edentulous maxillary stone cast containing 8 screw-retained implant abutment replicas was derived from a 74-year-old male patient who visited the Department of Dental Implant Center, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology in September 2019. The stone cast was copied through the open-tray splinted impression, and the copied cast was used as the master cast for this study. The abutment-level impressions of master cast were made by photogrammetry (PG) and the conventional impression technique (CNV) by one attending doctor. Group PG: after which scan bodies were connected to each implant replica, a photogrammetry system was used to obtain digital impressions of the master cast (n=10); Group CNV: conventional open-tray splinted impression technique was performed to fabricate conventional definitive casts (n=10). After connecting the scan bodies onto each implant replicas, the master cast and the 10 definitive casts from group CNV were digitized with a laboratory reference scanner. All data of group PG, group CNV and mater cast were saved as ".stl" files. For all test scans and reference scan, the three-dimensional information of scan bodies were converted to implant abutment replicas using a computer aided design software (Exocad). The data of the group PG and the group CNV were respectively registered with the reference data (trueness analysis) and pairwise within group (precision analysis) for accuracy evaluation in a three-dimensional analysis software (Geomagic Control X). Results: The trueness and precision of group PG [(17.33±0.34) and (2.50±0.79) μm ] were significantly statistically better than those of group CNV [(24.30±4.16) and (26.12±4.54) μm] respectively (t=-5.29 and -34.35, P<0.001). Conclusions: For complete-arch implant abutment-level impression, photogrammetry produces significantly better accuracy than conventional impression technique.

Effects of ring finger and tryptophan-aspartic acid 2 on dendritic spines and synapse formation in cerebral cortex neurons of mice / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To clarify the functional effects of differential expression of ring finger and tryptophan-aspartic acid 2 (RFWD2) on dendritic development and formation of dendritic spines in cerebral cortex neurons of mice.@*METHODS@#Immunofluorescent staining was used to identify the location and global expression profile of RFWD2 in mouse brain and determine the co-localization of RFWD2 with the synaptic proteins in the cortical neurons. We also examined the effects of RFWD2 over-expression (RFWD2-Myc) and RFWD2 knockdown (RFWD2-shRNA) on dendritic development, dendritic spine formation and synaptic function in cultured cortical neurons.@*RESULTS@#RFWD2 is highly expressed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice, and its expression level was positively correlated with the development of cerebral cortex neurons and dendrites. RFWD2 expression was detected on the presynaptic membrane and postsynaptic membrane of the neurons, and its expression levels were positively correlated with the length, number of branches and complexity of the dendrites. In cultured cortical neurons, RFWD2 overexpression significantly lowered the expressions of the synaptic proteins synaptophysin (P < 0.01) and postsynapic density protein 95 (P < 0.01), while RFWD2 knockdown significantly increased their expressions (both P < 0.05). Compared with the control and RFWD2-overexpressing cells, the neurons with RFWD2 knockdown showed significantly reduced number of dendritic spines (both P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#RFWD2 can regulate the expression of the synaptic proteins, the development of the dendrites, the formation of the dendritic spines and synaptic function in mouse cerebral cortex neurons through ubiquitination of Pea3 family members and c-Jun, which may serve as potential treatment targets for neurological diseases.

Effect of microvascular pericytes of cochlear stria vascularis on endothelial cell permeability in C57BL/6J mice / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To study the changes in the permeability of the blood labyrinth barrier of the aging cochlea in mice, and to establish a non-contact co-culture model of endothelial cells (EC) and pericytes (PC) to furtherly investigate the cochlear stria vascularis microvascular pericytes impact on the permeability of endothelial cells. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups, three months old as young group, 12 months old as senile group. Cell experiment was divided into four groups, EC group, EC+PC co-culture group, D-gal+EC group and D-gal+EC+PC co-culture group. Auditory brainstem response (auditory brain response, ABR) was used to detect the auditory function of the two groups of mice. Evans blue staining was applied to detect the permeability of the cochlear blood labyrinth barrier of the two groups of mice. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of blood labyrinth barrier endothelial cells, pericytes and tight junctions in the two groups of mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of tight junction proteins in the stria vascularis of the cochlea of the two groups of mice. Transwell chamber was used to detect the permeability of endothelial cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence technology were used to detect the expression level of tight junction protein on endothelial cells. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: Compared with the young group, the ABR threshold of the aging group was significantly increased, the latency of wave I was prolonged (t=10.25, P<0.01;t=5.61, P<0.05), the permeability of the cochlear blood labyrinth barrier was increased and the expression of tight junction protein on the vascular stria was decreased (P<0.05). The cochlear ultrastructure showed that the cochlear vascular stria microvascular lumen was deformed, the basement membrane thickened and the tight junction gap between endothelium enlarged. The positive rate of ECs and PCs in primary culture was more than 95%. The cells induced by 15 g/L D-gal were determined to be senescent cells. Compared with EC group, the expression of tight junction protein in endothelial cells of D-gal+EC group decreased（t=7.42，P<0.01；t=13.19，P<0.05）and the permeability increased (t=11.17, P<0.01). In the co-culture group, the expression of tight junction protein between endothelial cells in EC+PC co-culture group and D-gal+EC+PC co-culture group increased and the permeability decreased. Conclusions: In aging mice, the permeability of cochlear blood labyrinth barrier will increase and the level of tight junction protein will decrease; in aging state, cochlear vascular stria microvascular pericytes may affect endothelial cell permeability by regulating the expression of tight junction protein.

Synergetic delivery of triptolide and Ce6 with light-activatable liposomes for efficient hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been known as the second common leading cancer worldwide, as it responds poorly to both chemotherapy and medication. Triptolide (TP), a diterpenoid triepoxide, is a promising treatment agent for its effective anticancer effect on multiple cancers including HCC. However, its clinical application has been limited owing to its severe systemic toxicities, low solubility, and fast elimination in the body. Therefore, to overcome the above obstacles, photo-activatable liposomes (LP) integrated with both photosensitizer Ce6 and chemotherapeutic drug TP (TP/Ce6-LP) was designed in the pursuit of controlled drug release and synergetic photodynamic therapy in HCC therapy. The TP encapsulated in liposomes accumulated to the tumor site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Under laser irradiation, the photosensitizer Ce6 generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further oxidized the unsaturated phospholipids. In this way, the liposomes were destroyed to release TP. TP/Ce6-LP with NIR laser irradiation (TP/Ce6-LP+L) showed the best anti-tumor effect both

Basal cell nevus syndrome with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), also known as Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease. It is thought to be caused by a mutation in the PTCH1 gene, and its incidence is 1/57 000 to 1/256 000. The case of a 7-year-old patient with BCNS and Duchenne muscular dystrophy was reported in this paper.

Research on community promotion and application of single acupoint electroacupuncture therapy for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of single acupoint [Yaotu (extra)] electroacupuncture (EA) therapy on lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH) and its promotion and application in community medical institutions.@*METHODS@#This research adopted a three-level promotion model, and used multi-center collaboration topics as a platform. A total of 240 patients with LIDH were divided into a group A (top three hospital, 80 cases, 3 cases dropped off), a group B (secondary hospital, 80 cases, 8 cases dropped off), and a group C (community health center, 80 cases, 7 cases dropped off). All groups were treated with EA at a single acupoint [Yaotu (extra)] under the guidance of a unified experimental protocol. The EA was given 60 min each time and performed 3 times a week for a total of 2 weeks. The changes of visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of three groups before and after each treatment were compared, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with before each treatment, the VAS scores of three groups after each treatment decreased (@*CONCLUSION@#The single acupoint EA therapy has a significant effect in the treatment of LIDH, can quickly relieve the pain symptoms, and has the characteristics of simple operation and easy control, suitable for promotion and application in primary hospitals.

Phytosterols content of Keunnunjami germ and its antioxidative effects in adult rats / 한국영양학회지

Purpose@#The rice germ fraction is a better source of protein, lipid, and fiber than the rice endosperm. Furthermore, the rice germ is rich in bioactive phytochemicals such as γ-aminobutyric acid, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytic acid, and so on. In this study, the phytosterol content and antioxidant activity of Keunnunjami germ (KG) or normal rice germ supplement were investigated in healthy adult rats. @*Methods@#In vitro, quantitative assessment of phytosterols, including β-sitosterol, campesterol, cycloartenol, and stigmasterol, was performed. Comparative antioxidant activities of 2 rice germs were measured based on DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ABTS radical scavenging capacity. In vivo, male Spraque-Dawley rats (30-weeks-old) were randomly assigned a diet of normal control (NC, AIN-93M diet), AIN-93M diet supplemented with normal rice germ 3% (NG3), or AIN-93M diet supplemented with KG 3% (KG3) and fed for 8 weeks. @*Results@#KG contained significantly higher campesterol and stigmasterol contents and antioxidant activity than normal rice germ. The KG3 group exhibited significantly lower body weight gain as well as inguinal and total white adipose tissue weights. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance level among the 3 groups. The plasma tumor necrosis factor-α concentration was significantly lower while leptin, advanced oxidation protein products, and interleukin-6 showed downward trends in the KG3 group. In addition, the superoxide dismutase level of the KG3 group was significantly higher compared to the NC and NG3 groups. @*Conclusion@#This study indicates that KG can be considered as a valuable source of phytosterol components. Lastly, KG has strong antioxidant properties and may have potential to ameliorate elevation of proinflammatory cytokine production with age.

Rolling needle pricking-cupping therapy and traditional pricking-cupping therapy for cervical spondylosis of neck type: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy between rolling needle pricking-cupping (RNP-C) and traditional pricking-cupping (TP-C) for cervical spondylosis of neck type.@*METHODS@#A total of 96 patients with cervical spondylosis of neck type were randomly divided into an RNP-C group, a TP-C group and an electroacupuncture (EA) group, 32 cases in each group. Each group was treated with EA at Jingbailao (EX-HN 15), Fengchi (GB 20), Dazhui (GV 14), Jianjing (GB 21) and @*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the scores of NPQ and VAS in each group were all reduced at 2 and 4 weeks into treatment and follow-up (@*CONCLUSION@#TP-C and RNP-C could both improve the cervical pain symptoms in patients with cervical spondylosis of neck type, and improve the overall function of the cervical spine, and the curative effect is similar.

Efficacy evaluation of acupuncture plus rehabilitation training for post-stroke deglutition disorders of qi-deficiency blood stasis pattern / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus rehabilitation training in treating post-stroke deglutition disorders of qi-deficiency blood stasis pattern. Methods: Sixty-six patients with post-stroke deglutition disorders of qi-deficiency blood stasis patter were divided into an observation group and a rehabilitation group using the random number table method. The two groups both received conventional medications and supportive treatment for stroke. In addition, the observation group received acupuncture plus rehabilitation training while the rehabilitation group only received the same rehabilitation training. The interventions were conducted 3 times a week for a total of 4 weeks in both groups. They were evaluated using Kubota water swallowing test (KWST), Fujishima Ichiro food intake level scale (FILS) and symptoms score of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) before and after treatment, and at the 1-month follow-up. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed at the 1-month follow-up. Results: The KWST grading and FILS result after treatment and at the follow-up were significantly different from those before treatment in both groups (all P<0.001); the results of these two items at the follow-up were not significantly different from those after treatment in the two groups (all P>0.05). There were significant differences in the KWST grading and FILS result between the two groups after treatment and at the follow-up (all P<0.05). The TCM symptoms score changed significantly after treatment and at the follow-up compared with that before treatment in both groups (all P<0.001). The TCM symptoms grading efficacy at the follow-up was significantly different from that after treatment in the observation group (P<0.05), while the difference was statistically insignificant in the rehabilitation group (P>0.05). The TCM symptoms grading efficacy in the observation group was significantly different from that in the rehabilitation group after treatment and at the follow-up (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the conventional treatment for stroke, acupuncture plus rehabilitation training or use of rehabilitation training alone both can improve the clinical symptoms in post-stroke deglutition disorders of qi-deficiency blood stasis pattern, but acupuncture plus rehabilitation training can produce more significant efficacy and better long-term efficacy in improving TCM symptoms.

Advance in Roles of Notch and Wnt Pathways for Neural Stem Cells after Cerebral Ischemia (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Neural stem cells (NSCs) play a key role in repair of neurological dysfunction after cerebral ischemia. Notch pathway widely exists in animal cells and is a classical signaling pathway regulating the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. Wnt pathway is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and plays an important role in proliferation of NSCs in brain tissue after injury. The recent studies found that the two pathways form a signaling network to regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs.

A label-free and real-time method for evaluating cytotoxicity of CD19 CAR-T cells / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveUsing Chromium-51 release assay, lactate dehydrogenase release assayand other methods to detect the cytotoxicity of CD19 CAR-T cells is cumbersome, with low repeatability and poor stability. This study aims to establish a label-free and real-time method for detectingspecific cytotoxicity of CD19 CAR-T cells.MethodsIn order to establish target cell models for cytotoxic assay of CD19 CAR-T cells by using Real Time Cellular Analysis (RTCA) system,the adherent human breast cancer cells were infected with lentiviral vectors encoding CD19. CD19 expression on the transduced cells was detected by flow cytometry. The cellsexpressing CD19 stably werethen sorted by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS).With such cells as target cells, CD19 CAR-T cells and BCMA CAR-T cells as effector cells, RTCAsystem was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells against target cells.ResultsMDA-MB-231 and SKBR3cells with stable expression CD19were obtained in this study.The results of flow cytometry showed that positive expression rate of CD19 in MDA-MB-231/CD19 cells and SKBR3/CD19 monoclonal cells were 99.03% and 98.91%,respectively.RTCA results showed that with MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231/CD19 cells as target cells,CD19 CAR-T cells showed significant cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231/CD19 cellsat the effector-target ratio of 5∶1, 1∶1 and 1∶5,but not to MDA-MB-231 cells. With SKBR3 and SKBR3/CD19 cells as target cells, CD19 CAR-T cells showed significant cytotoxicity to SKBR3/CD19 cellsat the effector-target ratio of 5∶1and 1∶1. When the effector-target ratio was 1∶5, there was no obvious cytotoxicity.The data of MDA-MB-231/CD19 or SKBR3/CD19 as target cells and CD19 CAR-T as effector cells were analyzed separately, showing that when the number of target cells was the same, the cytotoxicity detected by RTCA increased as the number of CD19 CAR-T cells increased.The cytotoxic assays of CD19 CAR-T cells showed specificity and dose-response relationship of CD19 CAR-T cytotoxicity against the target cells.ConclusionThis study established a method for evaluating cytotoxicity of CD19 CAR-T cells that is real-time, label-free, simple and convenient.

Research Advances of Monocyte/Macrophage in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia（CLL）is a malignant hematologic disease with heterogeneous clinical course, about two thirds of patients exhibit a long survival, but the remaining third of patients show aggressiveness of disease or poor response to conventional treatment even drug resistance. Studies suggested that tumor microenvironment possesses a critical effect in CLL disease progression in recent years. Monocyte/macrophage, as an important componens of tumor microenvironment, play a promotive role in the growth and drug reistance of tumor cells by direct cell-to-cell contact, secreting cytokines and suppressing antitumor responses. Therefore, exploring the monocyte/macrophage in CLL can provide theoretic basis for target treatment of CLL. In this review, the function of monocyte/macrophage and recent advances in therapy of CLL are discussed.

Effect of Chiropractic on Nonspecific Low Back Pain / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of chiropractic on nonspecific low back pain (NLBP). Methods:From July, 2016 to January, 2018, 90 patients with NLBP were randomly divided into control group (n = 45) and observation group (n = 45). Both groups accepted core stabilization exercises (CSE) and routine physical therapy, and the observation group received chiropractic additionally. They were treated for four weeks and followed up for six months. Before, and two and four weeks after treatment, and at six-month follow-up, they were evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), abdominal and dorsal muscle endurance test (AMET) and waist active range of motion (AROM). Results:Two and four weeks after treatment, the result of VAS, ODI, AMET, and waist AROM improved significantly in both groups (P < 0.05), and they were better in the observation group than in the control group (t > 0.263, P < 0.001). At six-month follow-up, the scores of VAS and ODI improved significantly (P < 0.05), and were better in the observation group than in the control group (t > 5.911, P < 0.001). Conclusion:CSE and routine physical therapy combined with chiropractic could better reduce the pain, improve the dysfunction, and increase the spinal stability for patients with NLBP.

Effect of Acupuncture and Moxibustion plus Zushima on Serum VEGF and bF GF in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion plus Zushima on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b FGF) in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Method Two hundred and thirty-six patients with knee osteoarthritis were allocated, using a random number table, to two groups, 118 cases each. The control group was treated with Celecoxib and the observation group, with acupuncture and moxibustion plus Zushima. The therapeutic effects, and pre-treatment and post-treatment VAS scores and WOMAC scores and serum VEGF and bFGF levels were compared between the two groups of patients. The adverse reaction incidences were compared between the two groups of patients. Result The total efficacy rate was 87.3％ in the control group and 94.9％ in the observation group and was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant pre-treatment differences in the VAS score and WOMAC score between the two groups (P>0.05). The VAS score and WOMAC score decreased significantly in both groups after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the VAS score between the two groups (P>0.05) but the WOMAC score was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant pre-treatment differences in VEGF and bFGF between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, VEGF and bFGF decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05) and were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The adverse reaction incidence was3.4％ in the control group and 1.7％ in the observation group with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture and moxibustion plus Zushima can reduce inflammatory reactions, inhibit synovial angiogenesis, and effectively relive the pain, and improve articular functions in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.